Chalazion

What is a Chalazion?

A chalazion is a localised inflammation of a Meibomian gland within the eyelid. These glands produce the essential lipid (oil) layer of the tear film, which prevents tears from evaporating too quickly and maintains ocular lubrication. When a gland's duct becomes obstructed, oily secretions build up, resulting in a firm nodule.

How to Recognise It

• A firm lump: Usually felt within the eyelid; more common on the upper lid but can occur on the lower lid.
• Initial Tenderness: It may be painful during the acute inflammatory stage but typically becomes a painless, firm swelling.
• Redness and Swelling: Localised to the area of the lump.
• Visual Disturbance: If the chalazion is large enough, it can press on the cornea and cause temporary blurred vision.

Natural Progression

The majority of chalazia resolve spontaneously within a few weeks. However, some may persist or increase in size, requiring conservative management or, in some cases, surgical intervention.

Possible Treatments

• Warm Compresses: Applied several times a day to liquefy the blocked oils.
• Eyelid Massage: Gentle pressure to encourage the drainage of the obstructed gland.
• Medicated Ointments: Antibiotic and corticosteroid combinations may be prescribed if inflammation persists.
• Surgical Excision: A minor procedure to drain the chalazion if it remains large, painful, or fails to resolve after several weeks.

Is it Contagious?

No. A chalazion is an inflammatory condition, not an infectious one. It is not contagious and cannot be spread to other people or to your other eye through contact.

When to Consult an Ophthalmologist

• If the lump persists for more than 2 to 3 weeks despite consistent warm compresses and massage.
• If the area becomes significantly painful, red, or is accompanied by a fever.
• If you suffer from recurrent chalazia, as an ophthalmological evaluation is necessary to rule out underlying lid margin disease.